The Sortino ratio is a financial ratio, similar to the Sharpe ratio, that measures the risk-adjusted return of investments or portfolios. Unlike the Sharpe ratio, the Sortino uses downside-volatility(sometimes referred to as semi-volatility) as the denominator instead of standard deviation. The use of downside-volatility allows the Sortino ratio to measure the return of “negative” volatility.
Downside deviation differentiates “positive” volatility from “negative” volatility, unlike standard deviation. Standard deviation is the square root of volatility. However, using standard deviation as a measure of risk may not be completely accurate. For example, assume …

The Sharpe Ratio is a formula used to measure risk/return. The ratio describes the amount of extra return received for the extra volatility of a more risky asset. The higher the Sharpe Ratio, the greater returns are for each unit of risk. The Sharpe Ratio is calculated by subtracting the risk free rate or return from the return of the portfolio and then dividing by the portfolio’s standard deviation. By using the Sharpe Ratio, investors can theoretically compare risk adjusted returns of investments or portfolios that have different returns and …